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GambiaYahya Jammeh President Jammeh, a former army sergeant who seized power in 1994 when he was only 29, boasts of his contempt for journalists. He has cracked down on all critics through his personal guard and secret police, with arrests, threats and bomb attacks against the media. But journalists, grouped in a trade union, fought back until the December 2004 murder of Deyda Hydara, editor of the newspaper The Point and former head of the union. The country’s media has been cowed since then and the killers have not been arrested or punished. Journalists are illegally arrested on the slightest pretext at the president’s whim, even though Gambia is the headquarters of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights. He continues to insist that “if I want to shut down a newspaper, I will.” Download his resume Predators There are instigators and powerful people behind press freedom violations whose responsibility is not always apparent. Whether presidents, ministers, chiefs of staff, religious leaders or the heads of armed groups, these predators of press freedom have the power to censor, imprison, kidnap, torture and, in the worst cases, murder journalists. To better expose them, Reporters Without Borders has produced these portraits. Armed Islamist groups Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iraq, Pakistan Ilham Aliev Azerbaijan Alexander Lukashenko Belarus Than Shwe Burma Hu Jintao China Diego Fernando Murillo Bejarano Colombia Raúl Reyes Colombia Charles Blé Goudé and the “Young Patriots” Côte d’Ivoire Fidel and Raúl Castro Cuba Teodoro Obiang Nguema Equatorial Guinea Issaias Afeworki Eritrea Meles Zenawi Ethiopia Ali Khamenei Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Iran Nursultan Nazarbayev Kazakhstan Choummaly Sayasone Laos Muammar Gaddafi Libya Star Force Police Maldives Drug cartels Mexico State Security Service (SSS) Nigeria Kim Jong-il North Korea Pervez Musharraf Pakistan Vladimir Putin Russia Paul Kagame Rwanda Abdallah Ibn al-Saud Saudi Arabia ETA Spain Tamil paramilitaries Sri Lanka Mswati III Swaziland Bashar el-Assad Syria Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali Tunisia Islam Karimov Uzbekistan Nong Duc Manh Vietnam Robert Mugabe Zimbabwe

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